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1 generated address
синтезированный адрес
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[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > generated address
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2 generated address
address bus — шина адреса; адресная шина
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3 generated address
English-Russian dictionary of Information technology > generated address
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4 generated address
сформированный [вычисленный] адресБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > generated address
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5 generated address
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6 generated address
1) Телекоммуникации: синтезированный адрес2) Вычислительная техника: сформированный адрес3) Сетевые технологии: вычисленный адрес, генерируемый адрес -
7 generated address
сформированный [вычисленный] адресEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > generated address
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8 generated address
English-Russian dictionary of modern telecommunications > generated address
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9 generated address
сгенерированный адрес; сформированный адрес -
10 generated address
генерируемый адрес; сформированный адрес; вычисленный адрес -
11 generated address
English-Russian dictionary of computer science > generated address
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12 generated
1) генерированный
2) генерируемый
3) порождаемый
4) порожденный ∙ almost finitely generated module ≈ почти конечно порожденный модуль compactly generated lattice ≈ компактно порожденная решетка compactly generated space ≈ компактно порожденное пространство countably generated algebra ≈ счетно порожденная алгебра countably generated module ≈ счетно порожденный модуль countably generated monoid ≈ счетно порожденный моноид countably generated space ≈ счетно порожденное пространство doubly generated sequence ≈ дважды порождаемая последовательность finitely generated algebra ≈ конечно порожденная алгебра finitely generated extension ≈ конечно порожденное расширение finitely generated field ≈ конечно порожденное поле finitely generated group ≈ матем. группа с конечным числом образующих finitely generated model ≈ конечно порожденная модель finitely generated monoid ≈ конечно порожденный моноид finitely generated presentation ≈ конечно порожденное представление finitely generated representation ≈ конечно порожденное пространство finitely generated ring ≈ конечно порожденное кольцо finitely generated semigroup ≈ конечно порожденная полугруппа finitely generated sheaf ≈ пучок с конечным числом образующих finitely generated structure ≈ конечно порожденная структура finitely generated subgroup ≈ конечно порожденная подгруппа finitely generated submodule ≈ конечно порожденный подмодуль finitely generated subobject ≈ конечно порожденный подобъект freely generated algebra ≈ свободно порожденная алгебра freely generated group ≈ свободно порожденная группа ideal generated by element ≈ порожденный элементом идеал ideal generated by set ≈ порожденный множеством идеал inductively generated logic ≈ индуктивно порожденная логика infinitely generated algebra ≈ бесконечно порожденная алгебра projectively generated logic ≈ проективно порожденная логика separably generated extension ≈ сепарабельно порожденное расширение separably generated field ≈ сепарабельно порожденное поле triply generated algebra ≈ алгебра с тремя образующими - be generated - carry is generated - compactly generated - countably generated - finitely generated - freely generated - generated address - generated field - generated ideal - generated language - generated sequence - generated set - generated subgraph - generated subgroup - generated topology - inductively generated - separably generated - triply generated порожденный, вызванный;
образованныйБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > generated
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13 address
адрес || адресовать- absolute address
- actual address
- address of address
- allophone address
- arithmetic address
- auxiliary address
- B address
- base address
- binary-coded address
- blank address
- block address
- broadcast address
- broken address
- calculated address
- call address
- constant address
- coordinate address
- core memory address
- current address
- data address
- destination address
- direct address
- dot address
- drop address
- dummy address
- effective address
- e-mail address
- end address
- entry-point address
- executive address
- explicit address
- external device address
- external address
- extra address
- final address
- first-level address
- fixed address
- floating address
- floating-point address
- foreign address
- frame address
- generated address
- global address
- hash address
- high load address
- higher address
- home address
- host address
- host apparent address
- immediate address
- implicit address
- indexed address
- indexing address
- indirect address
- initial address
- instruction address
- interleaved addresses
- invalid address - key address
- last field address
- leading address
- link address
- linkage address
- listener address
- load-point address
- load address
- location address
- logical address
- lower address - memory address
- multicast address
- multilevel address
- native address
- network address
- Nth-level address
- number address
- octal address
- offset address
- one-level address
- operand address
- out-of-range address
- overflow exit address
- page address
- physical address
- pointer address
- preset address
- presumptive address
- program address
- real address
- reference address
- regional address
- relative address
- relocatable address
- relocation address
- restart address
- result address
- return address
- second-level address
- self-relative address
- sense address
- single-level address
- source address
- specific address
- starting address
- start address
- stop address
- storage address
- store address
- subnet address
- subroutine return address
- symbolic address
- synthetic address
- talker address
- talk address
- transport address
- true address
- two-coordinate address
- two-level address
- unique address
- unload address
- variable address
- vector address
- virtual address
- windowed address
- word address
- zero address
- zero-level addressEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > address
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14 address
[əˈdres]absolute address вчт. абсолютный адрес accommodation address адрес до востребования accommodation address адрес на абонементный ящик accommodation address адрес приема корреспонденции actual address вчт. абсолютный адрес actual address вчт. действительный адрес actual address вчт. исполнительный адрес address вчт. адрес address адрес address адрес; адресовать address вчт. адресовать address адресовать; направлять address адресовать address выступать address выступление address направлять address обращаться (к кому-л.); выступать; to address a meeting выступать с речью на собрании; to address oneself to the audience обращаться к аудитории address обращаться address обращение; речь; выступление address обращение address обращение; обращаться Address: Address парл. речь главы государства address речь при открытии сессии парламента address: address такт; ловкость; (умелое) обхождение address pl ухаживание; to pay one's addresses to a lady ухаживать за дамой address часть искового заявления, содержащая наименование суда, в который подается иск address часть искового заявления address обращаться (к кому-л.); выступать; to address a meeting выступать с речью на собрании; to address oneself to the audience обращаться к аудитории address a request to обращаться с просьбой address for service наименование суда для подачи искового заявления to address oneself (to smth.) браться, приниматься (за что-л.) address обращаться (к кому-л.); выступать; to address a meeting выступать с речью на собрании; to address oneself to the audience обращаться к аудитории area address вчт. адрес области asterisk address вчт. звездочный адрес base address вчт. базовый адрес based address вчт. базируемый адрес bottom address вчт. нижний адрес business address служебный адрес cable address адрес для телеграмм cable address телеграфный адрес call address вчт. адрес вызова call address вчт. адрес обращения change one's address изменять свой адрес current address вчт. текущий адрес data address вчт. адрес данных deferred address вчт. косвенный адрес destination address вчт. адрес назначения direct address вчт. прямой адрес dummy address вчт. псевдоадрес dummy address вчт. фиктивный адрес effective address вчт. исполнительный адрес entry point address вчт. адрес точки входа error address вчт. адрес ошибки external address вчт. внешний адрес fast address вчт. фиксированный адрес first-level address вчт. прямой адрес frame address вчт. опорный адрес generated address вчт. сформированный адрес global address вчт. глобальный адрес hash address вчт. хешированный адрес high load address вчт. старший адрес загрузки higher address вчт. более старший адрес home address домашний адрес home address вчт. собственный адрес immediate address вчт. непосредственный операнд implied address вчт. неявный адрес inaugural address речь при вступлении в должность inaugural address речь при открытии indexed address вчт. индексированный адрес indirect address вчт. косвенный адрес initial address вчт. начальный адрес instruction address вчт. адрес команд internal address вчт. внутренний адрес jump address вчт. адрес перехода linkage address вчт. адрес связей listener address вчт. адрес получателя load address вчт. загрузочный адрес lower address вчт. более младший адрес machine address вчт. машинный адрес mailing address почтовый адрес multicast address вчт. групповой адрес multilevel address вчт. многоуровневый адрес network address вчт. сетевой адрес one-level address вчт. прямой адрес opening address первый адрес out-of-range address вчт. адрес за адресным пространством address pl ухаживание; to pay one's addresses to a lady ухаживать за дамой permanent address постоянный адрес physical address вчт. физический адрес pointer address вчт. адрес-указатель postal address почтовый адрес presumptive address вчт. исходный адрес private address личный адрес record address вчт. адрес записи reference address вчт. адрес ссылки reference address вчт. базовый адрес registered address зарегистрированный адрес relative address вчт. относительный адрес relocatable address вчт. настраиваемый адрес relocatable address вчт. перемещаемый адрес residential address адрес места жительства restart address вчт. адрес рестарта result address вчт. адрес результата return address вчт. адрес возврата return address обратный адрес second-level address вчт. косвенный адрес single-level address вчт. прямой адрес source address вчт. адрес источника данных stop address вчт. адрес останова symbolic address вчт. символический адрес talk address вчт. адрес отправителя talker address вчт. адрес отправителя temporary address временный адрес third-level address вчт. дважды косвенный адрес track address вчт. адрес дорожки true address вчт. истинный адрес two-level address вчт. косвенный адрес unit address вчт. адрес устройства unload address вчт. адрес разгрузки variable address вчт. адрес переменной virtual address вчт. виртуальный адрес zero-level address вчт. непосредственный операнд -
15 address
1) адресовать
2) адресный
3) код адреса
4) обращение
– absolute address
– address assignment
– address bus
– address capacity
– address code
– address counter
– address decoder
– address driver
– address line
– address modification
– address name
– address register
– address stack
– address substitution
– address wire
– auxiliary address
– block address
– decode address
– define address
– degenerate address
– develop address
– direct address
– dummy address
– execution address
– final address
– fixed address
– floating address
– generated address
– immediate address
– indirect address
– instruction address
– jump address
– key word address
– leading address
– next-instruction address
– number address
– operand address
– operation address
– pointer address
– present address
– program address
– reference address
– relative address
– relocatable address
– relocation address
– result address
– return address
– select address
– specify address
– start address
– symbolic address
– translate address
– unload address
– virtual address
– word address
– zero address
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16 generated
1) генерированный
2) генерируемый
3) порождаемый
4) порожденный
– be generated
– carry is generated
– generated address
finitely generated group — <math.> группа с конечным числом образующих
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17 address
əˈdres
1. сущ.
1) адрес at an address ≈ по адресу At what address does she live? ≈ По какому адресу она живет? Какой у нее адрес? accommodation address ≈ адрес до востребования;
"почтовый ящик" (тип адреса) business address ≈ рабочий адрес, адрес организации forwarding address ≈ адрес, по которому следует пересылать письма home address ≈ домашний адрес permanent address ≈ постоянное место жительства return address ≈ обратный адрес temporary address ≈ временное место жительства
2) обращение;
речь;
выступление an address about (concerning) smth. ≈ выступление, касающееся тех или иных проблем to deliver, give an address ≈ выступить с речью He had scheduled an address to the American people for the evening of May
27. ≈ Он планировал выступить с обращением к американским гражданам вечером 27 мая. eloquent address inaugural address keynote address moving address stirring address Syn: speech
3) такт;
ловкость;
(умелое) обхождение
4) мн. ухаживание to pay one's addresses to a lady ≈ ухаживать за дамой The black footman persecuted her with his addresses. ≈ Чернокожий лакей докучал ей своими ухаживаниями.
2. гл.
1) адресовать;
направлять (to ≈ кому-л.) I addressed the letter to him. ≈ Я направил ему письмо. How shall I address this parcel? ≈ Какой адрес мне написать на этой посылке? You must address your complaints to Head Office. ≈ Вы должны направить ваши жалобы начальству. ship to be addressed to Marseille ≈ корабль, направляющийся в Марсель Syn: direct
2)
2) обращаться к кому-л., адресоваться;
выступать to address a meeting ≈ выступать с речью на собрании to address oneself to the audience ≈ обращаться к аудитории She addressed her remarks to us. ≈ Она адресовала свои замечания нам. He addressed the speaker with a question. ≈ Он обратился к докладчику с вопросом. He will address us on modern art. ≈ Он сделает нам доклад о современном искусстве. to address oneself to all the people in the world ≈ взывать ко всем народам мира to address oneself to one's common sense ≈ обращаться к здравому смыслу to address smb. by his surname ≈ обращаться к кому-л. по фамилии You should address him as 'sir'. ≈ При обращении вы должны называть его "сэр". In speaking an ambassador is usually addressed as "Your Excellency". ≈ При разговоре посла обычно называют "ваше превосходительство".
3) возвр.;
книж. направлять силы/энергию на что-л.;
браться за что-л. (to) to address oneself to the business of doing smth. ≈ приниматься за какое-л. дело to address oneself to smth. ≈ приниматься за что-л. I addressed myself to learning Spanish. ≈ Я принялся за изучение испанского.адрес;
- to change one's * переехать выступление;
речь;
обращение;
адрес;
- opening * вступительное слово;
- formal * официальное выступление;
- * on current problems доклад о текущих вопросах;
- to give an * произнести речь официальная форма обращения к кому-л.;
- what is the correct form of * to a life peer? как следует обращаться к пожизненному пэру? (устаревшее) манера говорить;
- man of rude * грубиян, неотесанный человек( устаревшее) ловкость, искусство, такт;
- a man of awkward * человек, не обладающий ловкостью;
- to show great * проявлять величайший такт;
- to handle a matter with * искусно справиться с каким-л. делом ухаживание;
- to pay one's *es to a lady ухаживать за дамой (компьютерное) адрес;
- * space адресное пространство адресовать;
направлять;
- to * a letter to smb. направить письмо кому-л.;
- he *ed me to his chief он направил меня к своему начальнику;
- to * a ship адресовать судно;
- to * a warning to smb. послать кому-л. предупреждение написать адрес обращаться к кому-л.;
- were your words *ed to me or to him? вы говорите мне или ему?;
- he *ed himself to the chairman он обратился к председателю выступать;
- to * a meeting выступать с речью на собрании;
обратиться к собравшимся выбирать форму обращения к кому-л.;
обращаться, адресоваться;
- how does one * the governor? как следует обращаться к губернатору?;
- you * a woman chairman as Madam Chairwoman обращаясь к председателю-женщине, вы называете ее госпожа председатель (to) направлять силы или энергию на что-л.;
браться за что-л.;
- to * oneself to smth. приниматься за что-л.;
- to * oneself to the business of doing smth. приниматься за какое-л. дело;
- he *ed himself to the main difficulty он постарался справиться с главной трудностью;
- there are two questions of which I will * myself in this lecture в своей лекции я остановлюсь на двух вопросах (устаревшее) ухаживать, обхаживать, добиваться руки девушки (компьютерное) указывать адрес хранения информацииabsolute ~ вчт. абсолютный адресaccommodation ~ адрес до востребования accommodation ~ адрес на абонементный ящик accommodation ~ адрес приема корреспонденцииactual ~ вчт. абсолютный адрес actual ~ вчт. действительный адрес actual ~ вчт. исполнительный адресaddress вчт. адрес ~ адрес ~ адрес;
адресовать ~ вчт. адресовать ~ адресовать;
направлять ~ адресовать ~ выступать ~ выступление ~ направлять ~ обращаться (к кому-л.) ;
выступать;
to address a meeting выступать с речью на собрании;
to address oneself to the audience обращаться к аудитории ~ обращаться ~ обращение;
речь;
выступление ~ обращение ~ обращение;
обращаться Address: Address парл. речь главы государства ~ речь при открытии сессии парламента address: address такт;
ловкость;
(умелое) обхождение ~ pl ухаживание;
to pay one's addresses to a lady ухаживать за дамой ~ часть искового заявления, содержащая наименование суда, в который подается иск ~ часть искового заявления~ обращаться (к кому-л.) ;
выступать;
to address a meeting выступать с речью на собрании;
to address oneself to the audience обращаться к аудитории~ a request to обращаться с просьбойto ~ oneself (to smth.) браться, приниматься (за что-л.)~ обращаться (к кому-л.) ;
выступать;
to address a meeting выступать с речью на собрании;
to address oneself to the audience обращаться к аудиторииarea ~ вчт. адрес областиasterisk ~ вчт. звездочный адресbase ~ вчт. базовый адресbased ~ вчт. базируемый адресbusiness ~ служебный адресcall ~ вчт. адрес вызова call ~ вчт. адрес обращенияcurrent ~ вчт. текущий адресdata ~ вчт. адрес данныхdeferred ~ вчт. косвенный адресdestination ~ вчт. адрес назначенияdirect ~ вчт. прямой адресeffective ~ вчт. исполнительный адресerror ~ вчт. адрес ошибкиfast ~ вчт. фиксированный адресfirst-level ~ вчт. прямой адресframe ~ вчт. опорный адресgenerated ~ вчт. сформированный адресglobal ~ вчт. глобальный адресhash ~ вчт. хешированный адресhigh load ~ вчт. старший адрес загрузкиhigher ~ вчт. более старший адресhome ~ домашний адрес home ~ вчт. собственный адресimmediate ~ вчт. непосредственный операндimplied ~ вчт. неявный адресinaugural ~ речь при вступлении в должность inaugural ~ речь при открытииindexed ~ вчт. индексированный адресindirect ~ вчт. косвенный адресinitial ~ вчт. начальный адресinstruction ~ вчт. адрес командinternal ~ вчт. внутренний адресjump ~ вчт. адрес переходаlinkage ~ вчт. адрес связейlistener ~ вчт. адрес получателяload ~ вчт. загрузочный адресlower ~ вчт. более младший адресmachine ~ вчт. машинный адресmulticast ~ вчт. групповой адресmultilevel ~ вчт. многоуровневый адресnetwork ~ вчт. сетевой адресone-level ~ вчт. прямой адресopening ~ первый адресout-of-range ~ вчт. адрес за адресным пространством~ pl ухаживание;
to pay one's addresses to a lady ухаживать за дамойphysical ~ вчт. физический адресpointer ~ вчт. адрес-указательpostal ~ почтовый адресpresumptive ~ вчт. исходный адресrecord ~ вчт. адрес записиrelative ~ вчт. относительный адресresidential ~ адрес места жительстваrestart ~ вчт. адрес рестартаresult ~ вчт. адрес результатаsecond-level ~ вчт. косвенный адресsingle-level ~ вчт. прямой адресsource ~ вчт. адрес источника данныхstop ~ вчт. адрес остановаsymbolic ~ вчт. символический адресtalk ~ вчт. адрес отправителяtalker ~ вчт. адрес отправителяthird-level ~ вчт. дважды косвенный адресtrack ~ вчт. адрес дорожкиtrue ~ вчт. истинный адресtwo-level ~ вчт. косвенный адресunit ~ вчт. адрес устройстваunload ~ вчт. адрес разгрузкиvariable ~ вчт. адрес переменнойvirtual ~ вчт. виртуальный адресzero-level ~ вчт. непосредственный операнд -
18 генерированный адрес
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > генерированный адрес
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19 сформированный адрес
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > сформированный адрес
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20 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.————————————————————————————————————————
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